发育中的身体的语言:婴儿粗体运动行为和自我照顾/象征性行为与新兴语言能力的遗传关联
Ellen Verhoef1, Lucía de Hoyos1, Fenja Schlag1
1Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
概括
早期的运动技能和以后的自我照顾行为有着共同的遗传联系, 这表明一种影响语言学习的发展级联.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学
- 行为遗传学
- 儿童医学
背景情况:
- 在婴儿期掌握粗体运动技能和在婴儿期后期进行自我护理可以引发影响语言学习的发育变化.
- 这项研究探讨了儿童与环境互动的共享或"通道"机制.
研究的目的:
- 检查婴儿粗体运动技能,自我照顾/象征性行为和随后的语言发展之间的遗传和非遗传关系.
- 要确定共享的遗传因素是否影响运动技能,自我护理和语言,或者是否涉及不同的遗传途径.
主要方法:
- 在Avon长度研究中使用了基因型儿童 (N≤7,017) 的数据.
- 评估婴儿遗传性总动力 (6个月) 和自我照顾/象征性 (15个月) 技能作为语言结果 (15-38个月) 的预测因素.
- 使用结构方程建模 (SEM) 和遗传关系矩阵结构方程建模 (GRM-SEM) 来剖析发育关系.
主要成果:
- 总运动能力和自我护理/象征性行为是适度遗传的 (h2=0.18).
- 总运动技能与自我照顾/象征性行为有共同的遗传影响,但与语言表现没有直接关系.
- 基因对自我照顾/象征性行为的影响,独立于早期运动技能,与不同年龄窗口的所有语言因素有显著关系.
结论:
- 将早期运动行为与后来的自我护理行为联系起来的遗传过程与将自我护理行为与新兴语言能力联系起来的遗传过程不同.
- 这些发现支持一种发展级联模型:运动控制促进了社会参与,这反过来又通过社会学习促进了语言的发展.
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