由人工智能驱动的世界卫生组织2021年仅基于H&E染色片的质瘤分类
Shubham Innani1, W Robert Bell1, MacLean P Nasrallah2
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Neuro-oncology
|September 1, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了一个人工智能模型,用于仅使用H&E整片图像对成年扩散性质瘤进行分类,从而消除了昂贵的分子分析的需要. 人工智能实现了高准确性,使得诊断和临床决策更快.
科学领域:
- 在病理学中的人工智能
- 数字病理学
- 癌症诊断
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的2021年成人扩散性质瘤分类将组织学与分子分析整合在一起.
- 分子分析通常是昂贵的,耗时的,并且可能导致诊断延迟或"未另行说明" (NOS) 分类.
- 这项研究通过开发人工智能驱动的分类方法来解决更容易获得的诊断方法的需求.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证人工智能 (AI) 管道,用于仅使用血素和素 (H&E) 整片图像 (WSI) 来分类成年扩散质瘤.
- 避免在质瘤诊断中需要分子分析,从而加快临床决策.
主要方法:
- 一个多机构数据集 (TCGA-GBM/TCGA-LGG,EBRAINS,IPD-Brain) 根据世卫组织2021年指导方针进行了重新分类.
- 使用八种病理基础模型 (FMs),九种聚合方法 (AMs) 和15种通过晚期融合的放大水平组合,对预处理的WSIs进行了定量基准测试.
- 使用热图来评估模型的解释性,以确定不同的形态特征.
主要成果:
- 基础模型,聚合方法和多倍放大的最佳组合实现了高的曲线下面面积 (AUC):97.95% (训练),96.30% (EBRAINS) 和92.61% (IPD-Brain).
- 域特定的基础模型表现优于基于ImageNet的一般模型.
- 多个放大器的融合显著提高了性能.
结论:
- 人工智能驱动的质瘤分类直接来自H&E WSIs可以取代分子分析,加速诊断和治疗规划.
- 这些发现支持对数字病理学的先进,特定领域的基础模型和可适应的幻灯片级聚合技术的开发.
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