开发一种新的原型天然乳清初始生产系统,以研究帕米吉亚诺·雷吉亚诺 (PDO) 奶酪生产中的生物多样性和技术特征波动:作为案例研究,
Marianna Cristofolini1, Maria Anna Ronsivalle1, Davide Manicardi2
1Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Food microbiology
|September 1, 2025
概括
生牛奶中的青素G会对奶酪生产中的天然乳清原料 (NWS) 的性能和生物多样性产生负面影响. 这项研究开发了一个可控的系统来研究这些影响,揭示了微生物群落的累积影响和转变.
科学领域:
- 乳制品微生物学
- 食品科学与技术
- 应用微生物学
背景情况:
- 对于传统的意大利硬奶酪,如PDO Parmigiano Reggiano,天然乳清原料 (NWS) 是至关重要的.
- 由于有限的受控研究,其未定义的微生物群体 (起始乳酸细菌 - SLAB) 的组成和性能不明.
- 帕米吉亚诺·雷吉亚诺 (PDO) 规则要求从自发乳清发酵中获得NWS,禁止选定的开物.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个实验室规模的系统,模拟NWS反向倾斜过程,用于受控的调查.
- 评估青素G残留物对NWS发酵性能和微生物多样性的影响.
- 在现实的奶酪制造条件下建立一个强大的平台来研究影响未定义起始培养的因素.
主要方法:
- 开发一个冷干燥的天然起始培养 (NSC) 系统 (NSC0) 以模拟NWS的回落.
- 通过实验室规模的三轮奶酪制造传播NSC.
- 对NSC性能,微生物数量,生物多样性 (qPCR) 和酵母存在的影响分析.
主要成果:
- 该NSC系统成功复制了新鲜的NWS,并经过三轮验证.
- 处于或低于MRL水平的青素G对NSC发酵性能产生了负面影响,并降低了微生物数量,并观察到累积效应.
- 青素G (2-4ppb) 通过抑制Lactobacillus delbrueckii和链球菌减少了NWS的生物多样性,而Lactobacillus helveticus没有受到影响;随着SLAB的下降,腐烂酵母增加了.
结论:
- 经过验证的NSC系统为在受控条件下研究未定义的初始培养提供了可靠的平台.
- 青素G残留物对NWS性能,生物多样性和潜在的奶酪质量构成重大风险,累积效应至关重要.
- 使用该系统的进一步研究可以阐明影响NWS的非生物和生物因素,从而改善初始培养行为的预测.
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