曾被监禁的人对执法部门的信任和不信任:使用混合方法设计对米兰达推理的影响
Shannon Williamson-Butler1, Richard Rogers1
1Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.
Journal of forensic sciences
|September 2, 2025
概括
以前被监禁的人可以放弃他们的米兰达权利而不完全理解后果. 对于执法机构的高度信任, 而不是理解,
科学领域:
- 法医心理学
- 法律心理学
- 刑事司法
背景情况:
- 美国最高法院在米兰达诉亚利桑那州 (1966) 的裁决中规定了在警方拘留期间对自我指责的保护.
- 对米兰达权利的理解已经得到了充分的研究,但放弃这些权利的决策过程仍未得到充分的研究.
- 以前被监禁的人 (FIP) 代表了一个拥有独特经验的人群,这可能会影响他们对米兰达权利的理解和放弃.
研究的目的:
- 调查FIP能够做出明智的决定.
- 确定影响FIP豁免决定的因素,特别是他们对执法和自我能力的信任.
主要方法:
- 通过Prolific招募了182名FIP,其中大多数人曾经被逮捕和监禁.
- 参与者使用标准化米兰达能力评估 (SAMA) 进行评估,
- 用线性差异分析和定性分析来检查推理,词汇,对执法机构的信任以及能力的自我评估.
主要成果:
- 一个熟悉米兰达语的群体具有强大的米兰达语相关词汇和低的TLE分数.
- 一个被米兰达侵权的群体表现出较弱的米兰达词汇和高的TLE分数,表明信任超过了其他考虑因素.
- 定性分析显示,受米兰达约束的FIP高估了自己的能力,而熟练的FIP则更怀疑放弃权利.
结论:
- 在FIP中,TLE显著影响了米兰达豁免的决定,往往超越了理解.
- 具有受损米兰达能力的FIP倾向于更信任执法机构, 并认为放弃他们的权利有更大的好处.
- 这突显了米兰达豁免程序对FIP的严重漏洞,需要进一步调查和潜在干预.
更多相关视频
08:53Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
Published on: November 14, 2018
9.7K
08:53Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
Published on: May 31, 2019
5.3K
相关概念视频
The Stanford Prison Experiment
23.6K
The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.
23.6K
Eyewitness Memory
160
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
160
Deindividuation
27.2K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
27.2K
Surveys
15.3K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
15.3K
Naturalistic Observations
15.9K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
15.9K
Ethics in Research
24.0K
Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
24.0K
