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博物馆基因组学揭示了临灭绝的鱼类最近的适应

Andrew G Sharo¹, Megan A Supple^1,2, Randy Cabrera¹

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA.

Molecular ecology

|September 2, 2025

概括

尽管加利福尼亚钢头鱼 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 的种群数量很大,但它们对化场鱼的入侵程度很小. 然而,与迁移相关的遗传多样性已经下降,这表明它们可能适应不断变化的环境.

科学领域:

保护遗传学
人口基因组学
进化生物学

背景情况:

钢头/彩虹鱼 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 是一个临灭绝的鱼,有着独特的海洋迁徙和淡水居住历史.
化鱼的广泛养殖可能会威胁野生种群的遗传完整性.
了解化场养的遗传影响对于有效保护野生钢头至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估一个多世纪化场对加利福尼亚钢头种群的遗传影响.
为了比较当代的钢头基因多样性与历史样本.
研究与生命史相关的遗传标记的变化.

主要方法:

当代和博物馆档案的钢头种群的全基因组测序.
分析野生和化场钢头之间的内进水平.
与迁移相关的单元类型的历史和当代频率的比较.

主要成果:

与预期相反,检测到极少的内进和很少的钢头养鱼杂交.
历史样本揭示了与姐妹物种和早期化场的影响.
随着时间的推移,与迁移相关的单元类型的频率显著下降.

结论:

长达一个世纪的化场对加利福尼亚钢头种群的整体遗传结构产生了惊人的影响.
与迁移相关的类型的减少表明适应减少的迁移机会,这可能是"基线转移综合征".
建议继续监测,因为海上迁徙的钢头可能会进一步下降.

关键词:

适应情况保护遗传学鱼类混合化自然选择与当代进化人口遗传学

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