在老年人中保持了情节性记忆中的自我和朋友参考效应
Gratiela Chirtop1, Chloe M Bates1,2, Andrew K Martin1,2
1School of Psychology, The University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
概括
对于年轻人和老年人来说,自我引用和朋友引用都能提高记忆力. 随着年龄的增长,这些记忆的好处,特别是自我参考信息,仍然强大,这表明了潜在的记忆改善策略.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学
- 老龄化的神经科学
- 人类的记忆
背景情况:
- 与其他编码策略相比,自我引用处理显著增强了记忆.
- 虽然朋友的参考比远方的参考更有助于记忆,但与自我参考的比较不太清楚.
- 随着年龄的增长, 记忆力下降引发了一些疑问,
研究的目的:
- 调查自我与朋友对记忆能力的影响.
- 检查自我推效应和朋友推效应是否在老年时保持.
- 评估不同年龄组的自我和朋友编码信息的元认知监测准确性.
主要方法:
- 参与者 (年轻人和老年人) 执行了一个惊喜的识别记忆任务,其中包含与自我,亲密朋友或名人相关的代码形容词.
- 评估了项目内存和源内存的准确性.
- 通过使用信任度来评估元认知监测,计算元认知灵敏度 (元d') 和效率 (元d'/d).
主要成果:
- 这两个年龄组都表现出自我引用效应,对自我引用的项目比朋友和名人引用的项目有更好的记忆力.
- 发现朋友推优于名人推的项目.
- 在不同年龄组中,超认知灵敏度和效率是可比的;老年人表现出相似的自我和朋友引用偏差,尽管来源记忆的准确性较低.
结论:
- 自我和朋友引用对情节性记忆的影响在老年人中很强大,并保持不变.
- 这些发现表明,自我和朋友引用可以成为增强老年人群记忆的有价值的策略.
- 这项研究强调了个人记忆在整个生命中具有持久的力量.
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