Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

154
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
154
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

289
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
289
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

255
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
255
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

438
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
438
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

141
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
141
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

570
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
570

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Domain-specific Internet use and social participation in older adults: the role of affective attitudes toward digital device use.

European journal of ageing·2026
Same author

Computational Modeling of Decision Making Enhances the Adversity Researcher's Toolbox.

Topics in cognitive science·2026
Same author

Usage of the Tablet-Based "Keep On Keep Up" Digital Program and Resulting Changes in Physical Capacity and Real-World Walking in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Process Evaluation.

JMIR formative research·2026
Same author

Contralateral delay activity as a marker of visual working memory capacity: A multi-site registered replication.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same author

Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences.

Nature·2026
Same author

Young children strategically adapt to unreliable social partners.

Child development·2026
Same journal

Executive function and social behavior: Causal evidence from loading working memory and inhibitory control.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Your research is public engagement: A case for more intentional science communication in research with human subjects" by Vaughn (2026).

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Costs and benefits of acting extraverted: A randomized controlled trial" by Jacques-Hamilton et al. (2019).

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Conveying (discrete) emotionality with novel words.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Physical actions shape moral choices: Environment-directed movements reduce cheating in young children.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

From chunks to schemas: Learning in the Hebb repetition paradigm.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
查看所有相关文章

相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

7.4K

逆境与较低的一般处理速度有关,而不是执行功能

Stefan Vermeent1, Anna-Lena Schubert2, Willem E Frankenhuis1

  • 1Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam.

Journal of experimental psychology. General
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

尤其是在成年时面临的威胁,会对一般的处理速度产生负面影响,而不是特定的执行功能. 儿童时期的逆境影响了处理速度和特定任务的信息积累, 而不是不同的EF能力. 这表明EF研究可能高估了逆境对特定认知能力的影响.

更多相关视频

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

800

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

7.4K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

800

科学领域:

  • 认知心理学
  • 发展心理学
  • 心理测量

背景情况:

  • 与执行功能 (EF) 缺陷或适应有关.
  • 目前的研究通常使用原始性能指标, 将认知过程与一般任务能力结合起来.
  • 区分一般任务因素和特定EF能力对于准确的评估至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 整合逆境和环境影响的赤字和适应框架.
  • 使用认知建模来区分任务一般认知过程和特定的EF能力.
  • 调查童年和成年期的逆境暴露与不同的认知过程之间的关联.

主要方法:

  • 使用漂移扩散建模来隔离信息积累,响应谨慎和刺激编码/响应执行速度.
  • 使用结构方程建模来检查一般任务与特定能力的关联.
  • 招募了1061名参与者, 进行处理速度,抑制和注意力转移的任务,

主要成果:

  • 在成年时面临的威胁与一般任务处理速度有负相关性.
  • 在控制一般任务过程后,与抑制或注意力转移能力没有显著的关联.
  • 儿童的剥夺和威胁暴露与一般处理速度和特定任务信息积累的减少有关,反映了任务细微差别而不是特定的EF.

结论:

  • 在EF研究中的原始性能测量可能会增加对特定认知能力的负面影响.
  • 认知模型提供了一种更细致的方法来理解逆境与认知过程之间的关系.
  • 未来的研究应该采用先进的建模技术,在研究逆境影响时将任务一般效应与特定的EF能力分开.