美国非吸烟者接触二手烟与听力损失之间的联系
Aashish Batheja1, Daniel H Coelho1
1Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.
PloS one
|September 2, 2025
概括
在美国成年人中,二手烟暴露与听力损失有关,特别是在肥胖者中. 这一关联显示了剂量与反应的关系,突出显示了SHS对听力健康的风险.
科学领域:
- 环境健康
- 听力学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 暴露于二手烟 (SHS) 是已知的健康风险.
- 之前关于SHS和听力损失的研究结果不一致.
- 具体的频率细节和特定人群的影响仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 研究美国成年非吸烟者的SHS暴露与听力损失之间的关联.
- 分析与SHS暴露有关的频率特定的听力值.
- 探索身体质量指数 (BMI) 在SHS听力损失关系中的改变作用.
主要方法:
- 采用2015-2016年国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 周期的数据进行横向研究.
- 包括1644名没有先前心血管或脑血管疾病的成年非吸烟者.
- 测量了血清中胆固醇的水平;评估了听力值和听力损失 (在较好的耳朵中定义为20dB值). 使用线性回归和后勤回归,按BMI分层并控制社会人口统计.
主要成果:
- 在肥胖个体 (BMI ≥30) 中,SHS暴露与低频听力值显著相关.
- SHS暴露显示了剂量反应与听力损失的可能性增加的关系 (OR:1.17,95% CI:1.06 - 1.29).
- 在不同的BMI类别和听力频率中,SHS与听力值之间的关联有所不同.
结论:
- SHS暴露与听力损失的风险增加有关,并表现出剂量反应效应.
- 在所有频率或BMI类别中,SHS对听力值的影响并不均,肥胖可能起作用.
- 需要进一步研究以阐明临床意义和SHS,肥胖和听力障碍之间的具体机制.
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