直接测量风速度以描述点源的排放
Michael L Eastwood1, David R Thompson1, Robert O Green1
1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109.
概括
这项研究引入了一种使用远程成像光谱仪精确测量甲排放的新方法. 通过同时跟踪羽毛的速度,它克服了风速的不确定性,提高了排放率的准确性.
科学领域:
- 环境科学
- 大气化学
- 遥感技术
背景情况:
- 远程成像光谱越来越多地用于检测和量化飞机和航天器的甲点源排放.
- 估计甲排放率依赖于对甲增强和有效风速的绘制,但风速是主要的不确定性来源.
- 目前的方法通常使用粗略分辨率的气象数据,
研究的目的:
- 解决由于风速数据不准确而导致的甲排放率量化的不确定性.
- 用同样用于甲检测的遥感仪器同时测量羽毛速度的新方法的开发和验证.
主要方法:
- 采用远程成像光谱,连续获得多个甲点源的图像.
- 在这些视图中视觉追踪甲羽毛中的特征以估计其地面速度.
- 整合同步的风速度测量与甲增强数据来计算排放率.
主要成果:
- 开发的方法解决了重新分析风数据与风柱所经历的有效风速之间的表示不匹配.
- 同时测量提供了与被测量的阴影的精确时空巧合的数据.
- 这种方法显著提高了远程甲点源量化的精度.
结论:
- 与甲度同时测量羽毛速度为量化点源排放提供了更准确的方法.
- 这种技术克服了当前用于甲监测的遥感方法的关键局限性.
- 改进的精度对甲排放量库存和气候变化缓解工作有重大影响.
相关概念视频
01:28Pipe Flowrate Measurement
800
In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
The orifice meter is a simple,...
The orifice meter is a simple,...
800
01:02Flame Photometry: Overview
797
Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
797
01:29Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
242
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
242
01:22Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
592
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
592
01:26Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
296
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
296
01:19Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II
496
In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
496