跨越边界:重新定义儿童肺移植的捐赠者边界
Darren Turner1, David L Morales1, Don Hayes1
1The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
JHLT open
|September 2, 2025
概括
创新策略,如扩大标准的捐赠者和活体肺 perfusion 显示增加儿童肺移植的希望. 需要进一步的研究来扩大捐赠人群,
科学领域:
- 儿童肺病学
- 移植手术
- 器官捐献
背景情况:
- 供体器官短缺是儿童肺部移植的关键障碍,限制了末期肺部疾病的治疗选择.
- 在2023年,美国仅进行了31次儿科肺移植,器官损失很大,突显了扩大捐献池的迫切需要.
- 增加等待名单死亡率,特别是在婴儿中,强调需要创新策略来提高儿童器官的可用性.
研究的目的:
- 审查旨在扩大儿童肺移植捐赠者的新战略.
- 在儿童群体中评估新方法的可行性和安全性,包括扩展标准捐赠者,DCD捐赠,EVLP和减小尺寸的技术.
主要方法:
- 文献审查和分析当前的临床结果数据.
- 对扩展标准捐赠者,死者心脏死亡 (DCD) 器官捐赠和活体肺 perfusion (EVLP) 等策略的检查.
- 评估移植体大小的减少,活体捐赠者的叶片移植,以及使用型肝炎和艾滋病毒阳性捐赠器官.
主要成果:
- 扩展标准的捐赠者现在在80%的肺移植中使用, 没有不良结果.
- 已故心脏死亡 (DCD) 肺捐赠显示了与脑死亡捐赠者相比的存活率,尽管儿科利用率仍然很低 (14 个器官,2004-2022 年).
- 活体肺输液 (EVLP) 显示出在维护器官活力和减少初级移植功能障碍方面的潜力;缩小移植和活体供体程序解决了尺寸不匹配问题.
结论:
- 有几种创新策略可以扩大儿肺捐献人群.
- 虽然成年人数据支持这些方法的安全性和有效性,但儿童特异性研究是有限的.
- 持续的研究,优化捐赠者管理和跨学科合作对于安全实施和改善儿童肺移植的准入至关重要.
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