祖先特异性多基因风险评分,饮食模式,体力活动和发生2型糖尿病
Dale S Hardy1, Jane T Garvin2, Tennille S Leak-Johnson3
1BioNutriOmics, Inc.
Research square
|September 2, 2025
概括
饮食和运动等生活方式的选择可以帮助降低2型糖尿病的风险,即使对于具有高遗传倾向的个体 (多基因风险评分或PRS). 采取特定的饮食和增加体力活动是预防的关键.
科学领域:
- 遗传学与公共卫生
- 代谢疾病研究
- 营养流行病学
背景情况:
- 遗传倾向 (多基因风险评分 - - PRS) 与生活方式因素在不同祖先中减轻2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 风险之间的相互作用尚不清楚.
- 研究生活方式如何抵消基因驱动的T2DM风险对于个性化预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定高风险PRS,饮食模式,体力活动和代谢负担之间的联系和相互作用.
- 识别祖先特定的PRS映射基因和相关的分子通路.
主要方法:
- 从NHLBI候选基因协会资源研究中使用8,283名欧洲裔美国人和1,205名非洲裔美国人的非识别数据进行了纵向研究 (1976-2015).
- 使用偏差校正概率 (OR) 和95%置信区间 (CI) 分析关联和相互作用.
主要成果:
- 与欧洲裔美国人相比,非洲裔美国人仅仅因高风险PRS而表现出更高的T2DM风险.
- 通过饮食方法阻止高血压 (DASH) 和地中海饮食观察到对T2DM的保护作用.
- 饮食,体力活动和高风险PRS/代谢负担之间的相互作用表明T2DM风险减弱,特别是在地中海和DASH饮食中.
结论:
- 有较高PRS和代谢负担的个体可以从早期干预中获益,以减少T2DM风险.
- 临床医生应建议将DASH和地中海饮食与体力活动结合起来,以预防和治疗T2DM.
- 饮食干预可以扭转有害的分子途径并减轻T2DM的进展.
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