在人类和动物肠道微生物群中普遍存在的巨大菌体
Research square
|September 2, 2025
概括
人体肠道中的大型病毒巨型肠道 (Jug) 菌体被鉴定和描述. 这些菌体广泛存在,可能会影响肠道微生物群生态.
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 病毒学
- 基因组学
背景情况:
- 巨大的菌体分布在全球,但它们在人类肠道微生物群中的作用尚不清楚.
- 巨型病毒在人类肠道生态系统中的多样性和生态影响需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 描述人类肠道中巨大的菌体的流行,基因组特征和生态作用.
- 研究这些大型菌体的进化历史和传播模式.
主要方法:
- 人类肠道样本的基因组测序以识别和组装巨大的菌体基因组.
- 比较基因组学分析全基因组序列身份并识别横向获得的基因.
- 遗传学分析以确定宿主之间的进化关系和分布.
主要成果:
- 大基因组 (360-402 kbp) 的Jumbo肠 (Jug) 菌体的发现和特征,占人类肠道基因组读数的~1.1%.
- 预计菌体会感染细菌类和/或菌种.
- 尽管主要群体内的基因组相似性很高 (> 90%),但大型终结酶子单元的相同性很低 (38-57%),表明水平基因转移.
- 从人类和动物肠道转基因组中恢复了1500多个菌体基因组,显示了广泛的分布和共享的基因含量,表明频繁的交叉宿主传播.
- 菌体表现出高的转录活性,包括一种新转位P型ATPase基因.
结论:
- 菌体是人类肠道病毒组的重要组成部分,扩大已知的巨大菌体的多样性.
- 它们的广泛分布和遗传交换机制表明它们在塑造肠道微生物群落方面发挥着重要作用.
- 菌体被认为是人类肠道微生物组生态和功能中的潜在关键参与者.
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