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Design Example01:23

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The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
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Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
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最佳的消息传递与杂的声

Peter Davies-Peck1

  • 1Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究引入了模拟噪音信号网络中消息传递的最佳程序. 它为复杂的分布式任务建立了高效的模拟界限,为传感器和生物网络提供了新的算法.

关键词:
声模型消息传递叠加的代码

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科学领域:

  • 分布式计算
  • 理论计算机科学
  • 网络算法

背景情况:

  • 声模型表示具有简单通信的网络,仅使用"声" (能量脉冲) 进行交互.
  • 这些网络中的节点只能感知声的存在或不存在 (载体传感),没有其他信息传输.
  • 这种杂的声模式引入了随机的干扰, 使通讯更加具有挑战性.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种最佳的程序来模拟在音和噪音音模型中的通用消息传递.
  • 在这些限制性声模型中建立高效的圆形复杂性模拟标准网络协议.
  • 证明这些模拟用于实现复杂的分布式图算法.

主要方法:

  • 开发和分析一个新的信号传递模拟程序.
  • 在噪音/无噪音的声模型中模拟广播CONGEST和CONGEST协议的上限.
  • 证明下限来证明衍生模拟复杂性的最佳性.
  • 将模拟方法应用于现有的广播CONGEST算法以实现最大匹配.

主要成果:

  • 一轮广播CONGEST可以在杂的声模型中模拟O ((Δ log n) 轮.
  • 一轮CONGEST可以在杂的声模型中模拟O{\displaystyle \Delta } log n) 轮.
  • 下限证实这些模拟复杂性是异常最佳的.
  • 对于最大匹配的O(log n) 轮广播CONGEST算法转换为噪音信号模型中的O(Δ log2 n) 轮算法.

结论:

  • 复杂的分布式任务是可行的,即使在高度限制的噪音信号通信模式.
  • 拟议的模拟程序在标准网络模型和声模型之间提供了有效的桥梁.
  • 这项工作可以在资源有限的网络中实现高级图形算法,例如最大匹配.