机器学习在帕金森病的计算机辅助诊断中的应用:进展和基准案例研究
Juntao Zhang1, Yiming Zhang1, Ying Weng1,2
1School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100 China.
概括
机器学习 (ML) 有助于诊断帕金森病 (PD). 这份对117项研究的综述强调了各种数据类型的ML应用,并指出了潜在的偏见和未来的研究需求.
科学领域:
- 神经学
- 计算机科学
- 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 机器学习 (ML) 越来越多地被认为是诊断诸如帕金森病 (PD) 这样的复杂神经疾病的潜力.
- 计算机辅助诊断 (CAD) 系统利用机器学习为早期和准确的PD检测提供了有前途的途径.
- 对目前的ML应用及其在PD诊断中的局限性有全面的了解,对于推进研究和临床实践至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在帕金森病 (PD) 的计算机辅助诊断 (CAD) 中对机器学习应用进行全面审查.
- 从2010年到2024年分析PD诊断中的ML景观,根据数据模式对研究进行分类并评估偏差风险.
- 确定PD诊断中的ML目前的局限性和未来的研究方向.
主要方法:
- 对2010年至2024年间发表的文章进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 使用PROBAST检查表来评估所包含的研究中的偏差风险.
- 在五种不同的数据模式中进行了基准案例研究.
主要成果:
- 综述包括117篇文章,其中语音数据 (40.2%) 和神经成像数据 (20.5%) 是最常见的类别.
- 根据PROBAST检查清单显示,很大一部分研究 (76. 1%) 呈现出偏差的高风险.
- 通过神经影像,语音,手写,步态和脑电图数据评估了ML应用,报告的有效性不同.
结论:
- 虽然ML对PD诊断具有显著的前景,但当前研究中偏差的高患病率需要更严格的研究设计.
- 未来的研究应侧重于解决已发现的局限性,提高数据质量,并在各种数据集中验证ML模型.
- 弥合AI和PD医疗专业人员之间的差距对于成功将ML工具转化为临床实践至关重要.
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