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根据"法医遗传学调查"的合法性. 8 欧洲人权委员会

Oliver M Tuazon¹, Bart Custers¹, Gerrit-Jan Zwenne¹

¹Center for Law and Digital Technologies (eLaw), Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of the Law, Leiden Law School, Leiden University, Kamerlingh Onnes Building, Steenschuur 25, Leiden, 2311 ES, the Netherlands.

Forensic science international. Synergy

|September 2, 2025

概括

调查性法医遗传学 (iFGG) 为解决冷案件提供了强有力的工具. 它的合法性取决于法律框架,在刑事调查与强有力的遗传数据隐私保护之间取得平衡.

科学领域:

法医遗传学
法律研究
人权法

背景情况:

调查性法医遗传学 (iFGG) 已经成功地确定了像金州杀手和林肯双重谋杀案这样的高调案件的事者.
由于对iFGG的合法性和隐私影响的担忧,瑞典暂时暂停使用iFGG.
欧洲人权法院的四重隐私测试提供了评估IFGG合法性的框架.

研究的目的:

在欧洲人权法院 (ECtHR) 的四重隐私测试中评估调查性法医遗传学 (iFGG) 的合法性.
根据"欧洲人权公约"第8条,确定合法实施iFGG的法律要求.
确定保护iFGG遗传数据隐私的基本保障措施,以应对法律挑战.

主要方法:

分析iFGG与欧洲人权法院的初步干预,合法性,合法目的和相称性测试的兼容性.
审查"欧洲人权公约"第8条关于尊重私人生活的权利及其第8条第2款的例外情况.
确定IFGG实施所需的法律规定和保障措施.

主要成果:

根据"欧洲人权公约"第8条,iFGG侵犯了个人隐私权.
欧盟的法律法规要求有专门的法律法规或修订,允许执法部门使用它.
通过犯罪现场DNA识别的合法目的是根据欧洲人权公约第8条第2款承认的.
根据该项目的规定,基因数据的隐私必须得到严格的保护.

结论:

调查性法医遗传学 (iFGG) 是解决冷门案件的有力工具,但需要坚实的法律基础.
支持iFGG的立法必须包含保护遗传隐私并确保遵守人权标准的具体保障措施.
将已确定的保障措施纳入iFGG授权法律可以防止在欧洲人权法院提出未来的法律诉讼.

关键词:

在DNA中欧洲人权法院的四重隐私测试欧洲人权公约欧洲人权法院法医科学遗传和基因数据的隐私调查性法医遗传遗传学 (iFGG)

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