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相关概念视频

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.8K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.8K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.5K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.5K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.9K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.9K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.4K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.4K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

9.4K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
9.4K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.5K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.5K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
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Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Published on: October 14, 2022

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在植物进化过程中,Polycomb组相关的基因组修饰剂与辅助蛋白之间的相互作用

Ahamed Khan1, Biswajit Ghosh1, Daniel Schubert1

  • 1Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

Current opinion in plant biology
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
概括

辅助蛋白与核心表观遗传调节剂一起进化,如Polycomb组复合物,以塑造植物的发展和适应. 本综述探讨了它们的共同进化以及它们在基因组修饰复合体之间的交叉通话中扮演的角色.

科学领域:

  • 植物分子生物学
  • 表观遗传学和染色体调节
  • 进化发育生物学

背景情况:

  • 表观遗传调节者通过对环境和发育信号的反应来控制基因表达.
  • 这些调节剂作为多蛋白复合体,经常与辅助蛋白相互作用以保持动态的染色质状态.
  • 植物中核心基因素修饰调节剂及其辅助蛋白的共同进化历史尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 审查植物主要基因组修饰调节者的进化轨迹.
  • 特别关注聚合组 (PcG) 复合体及其辅助蛋白的共同进化.
  • 阐明辅助蛋白在调节保存的表观遗传成分和推动植物进化中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 对植物表观遗传调节剂的现有研究进行综合的文献审查.
  • 在植物系中对保存的核心成分和辅助蛋白进行比较分析.
  • 专注于Polycomb组复合体及其相关的辅助蛋白.

主要成果:

  • 辅助蛋白已经进化为微调保存的核心表观遗传机制的活性.
  • 这些辅助蛋白在使植物实现关键的进化创新方面发挥了至关重要的作用.
  • 辅助蛋白调解不同基因组修饰复合体之间的交叉通话,影响整体表观遗传.

更多相关视频

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

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Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
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Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
11:33

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Published on: October 14, 2022

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
12:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo

Published on: January 14, 2016

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Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
07:08

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

Published on: September 23, 2011

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结论:

  • 辅助蛋白质是植物表观遗传学的关键进化驱动因素,影响了植物的发展和适应.
  • 了解核心调节剂和辅助蛋白的共同进化,可以深入了解植物的进化历史.
  • 辅助蛋白质的相互作用突出了它们在塑造植物表观遗传多样性的重要性.