风险儿童肺炎球菌疫苗接种建议:全球概述 (2022-2024)
Derek Daigle1, Graciela Morales2, Kyla Hayford3
1Pfizer Vaccines and Antivirals, US Medical Affairs, New York, NY, USA.
Vaccine
|September 2, 2025
概括
风险儿童的肺炎球菌疫苗接种政策并不常见,只有大约三分之一的国家提供疫苗. 这些针对肺炎球菌结合疫苗 (PCV) 和多糖疫苗 (PPV23) 的专用计划在可用的情况下有显著差异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 疫苗学
- 儿童医学
背景情况:
- 肺炎球菌病对儿童健康构成重大威胁,导致严重的发病率和死亡率.
- 患有特定潜在疾病的儿童面临肺炎球菌感染和严重疾病的风险增加.
- 本报告考察了针对高风险儿童群体的肺炎球菌疫苗接种政策.
研究的目的:
- 提供全球肺炎球菌疫苗接种政策概述.
- 专注于增加肺炎球菌疾病风险的儿童的疫苗接种策略.
主要方法:
- 从国际卫生组织 (WHO,ECDC) 和国家政府/公共卫生网站系统检索针对风险群体的疫苗接种计划.
- 收集来自政府和现场专家的补充信息.
主要成果:
- 在195个国家中,大约37.9%的国家为处于危险阶段的儿童提供了专门的疫苗接种政策.
- 其中,85. 1% 推使用不同方案,通常涉及肺炎球菌结合疫苗 (PCV) 增强剂,其次是23多糖疫苗 (PPV23).
- 关于疫苗类型 (PCV13,PCV15,PCV20,PPV23),时间表和目标风险条件的建议有很大差异.
结论:
- 针对高风险儿童的肺炎球菌疫苗接种计划并不广泛实施,与常规婴儿疫苗接种计划不同.
- 现有的风险组建议在疫苗选择,剂量和所涵盖的疾病方面表现出相当大的异质性.
- 加强指导方针的制定和改善疫苗的可用性对于保护有风险的儿童免受肺炎球菌疾病的影响至关重要.
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