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宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的弹性和有风险的社区,枪支伤害和死亡人数低于预期
Lola Ortiz-Whittingham1,2, Sarah Scott2,3, Leah Jacobs4
1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
概括
一些社区表现出对枪支暴力的抵抗力, 受伤和死亡人数低于预期的社会脆弱性. 需要进一步的研究来了解这些保护性社区因素.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 城市研究
- 犯罪学
背景情况:
- 枪支伤害和死亡是影响社区的重大公共卫生问题.
- 识别针对枪支暴力的保护因素对于干预策略至关重要.
- 社会脆弱性是枪支相关伤害的已知风险因素.
研究的目的:
- 找出与社会脆弱性相比较低的枪支伤害和死亡率的社区.
- 比较有弹性的社区与有风险的社区的结构和社会特征.
- 探索潜在的保护因素影响邻居层面的枪支暴力结果.
主要方法:
- 宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的使用枪支暴力档案数据 (2015-2020年).
- 采用负二项式回归和剩余百分位数方法来识别基于社会脆弱性的弹性和危险社区.
- 进行了T测试,以比较社区类型之间的人口,社会经济,住房和交通变量.
主要成果:
- 与危险地区 (n=19) 相比,弹性社区 (n=19) 的枪支伤害和死亡率明显较低 (p=0.0002).
- 只有两个人口变量 (男性从未结婚和女性寡妇的百分比) 在性社区和处于危险地区之间有显著差异.
- 这项研究强调,社会脆弱性可能无法完全预测枪支伤害和死亡率.
结论:
- 某些社区表现出对枪支暴力的抵抗力, 经历的负面结果比预测的社会脆弱性要少.
- 现有的二次数据来源可能无法充分捕捉邻居层面的防护因素.
- 为了了解和衡量这些有效预防暴力的保护因素,社区参与的研究至关重要.
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