海员急性体质住院的风险:挪威的一项基于登记册的研究
Sahil Gulati1,2, Stein Håkon Låstad Lygre3, Marit Grønning3
1Norwegian Centre for Maritime And Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway sahil.gulati@student.uib.no.
BMJ open
|September 2, 2025
概括
被宣布不适合工作或获得有限健康证书的海员面临更高的急性住院风险. 综合健康检查对于海员的安全和防止海上不良健康结果至关重要.
科学领域:
- 职业健康问题
- 海洋医学
- 公共卫生研究
背景情况:
- 海员健康对于海上安全和运营效率至关重要.
- 对于海员来说,医疗适应性评估是强制性的,这会影响他们在海上工作的能力.
- 之前的研究还没有完全阐明限制性健康证书对海员的长期健康影响.
研究的目的:
- 确定有限制健康证书的挪威海员是否有急性体质住院的风险.
- 将被宣布不适合工作的海员,持有限时证书的海员和持有完整证书的海员之间的住院风险进行比较.
主要方法:
- 一项基于登记册的队列研究,涉及43,758名年龄在18至70岁之间的挪威海员 (2018-2019).
- 使用考克斯回归模型对医疗检查后两年内急性体质住院的分析.
- 调整包括年龄,性别,教育和医疗保健近距离因素.
主要成果:
- 被宣布不适合工作的海员在急性住院的风险显著增加 (0-3个月:HR=5.13;3-24个月:HR=2.63).
- 持有限时证书的人也表现出增加的入院风险 (0-3个月:HR=2.02;3-24个月:HR=2.45).
- 这些风险估计没有受到社会人口调整的影响.
结论:
- 限制海员的健康证书与急性体质住院的风险增加有关.
- 调查结果强调需要进行彻底和持续的健康评估,以减轻健康风险和提高海上安全.
- 针对性健康监测可能对具有有限健康证书的海员有益.
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