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微生物组与免疫疗法相遇:揭示免疫检查点抑制剂的隐藏预测因子

Lihaoyun Huang^1,2, Yu Li², Chunyan Zhang²

¹Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Donghai County People's Hospital (Affiliated Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University), Lianyungang, China.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes

|September 2, 2025

概括

微生物组,包括HBV和HPV等病毒,对癌症免疫治疗结果产生重大影响. 微生物多样性和特定细菌预测患者的存活率和对免疫检查点抑制剂的治疗反应.

科学领域:

癌症学
免疫学
微生物组研究

背景情况:

免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 已经改变了癌症治疗.
人类微生物组在调节ICI疗效方面的作用越来越被认可.
了解微生物的影响对于优化癌症免疫疗法至关重要.

研究的目的:

系统地审查和分析微生物组的病毒和细菌成分对ICI治疗结果的影响.
在不同癌症类型中确定与治疗反应和生存相关的特定微生物特征.
评估基于微生物组的ICI疗效模型的预测能力.

主要方法:

在2014年1月至2024年10月期间发表的综合文献搜索.
包括71项随机对照试验和聚焦病毒 (41) 和细菌 (30) 微生物组的队列研究.
根据癌症类型,微生物种类和ICI疗法进行分组分析.

主要成果:

病毒状况,特别是乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 和人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV),与客观反应率 (ORR) 和疾病控制率 (DCR) 有显著的相关性.
细菌丰富与肝胆癌和无进展存活期 (PFS) 的改善有关.
微生物组多样性预测了改善的PFS (HR=0.64),多微生物组模型提高了结果预测的准确性.

结论:

微生物组包括病毒和细菌元素,是ICI治疗成功的关键决定因素.
特定的微生物特征和多样性是预测患者反应和生存的有价值的生物标志物.
未来的研究应优先考虑大规模试验和标准化方法,以阐明免疫治疗中的宿主微生物群相互作用.

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