与2023年7月至8月乌干达纳马戈地区饮用污染的湖岸水有关的霍乱疫情
John Rek1, Daniel Orit2, Susan Waako2
1Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda. jrek@uniph.go.ug.
BMC public health
|September 2, 2025
概括
西古鲁岛的一次霍乱爆发与未经处理的湖水消费有关. 包括水处理和口服霍乱疫苗 (OCV) 在内的干预措施成功控制了这一流行病.
科学领域:
- 流行病学
- 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 霍乱是乌干达持续存在的公共卫生问题,
- 2023年7月24日,在南明戈区的西古鲁岛确认了一起霍乱疫情.
- 启动了一项调查,以评估疫情的范围,确定原因,并指导控制措施.
研究的目的:
- 确定西古鲁岛霍乱疫情的严重程度.
- 确定霍乱病毒的潜在来源和传播途径.
- 推基于证据的疫情控制干预措施.
主要方法:
- 根据症状和实验室结果确定了霍乱疑似和确诊病例.
- 对水源进行了描述性流行病学和环境评估.
- 使用一项无匹配的病例对照研究,比较病例和无症状个体的暴露.
- 从国内储存和收集点收集并测试水样.
主要成果:
- 确诊了24例霍乱病例,其中4例确诊为Vibrio cholerae血清型O1和O139 ogawa.
- 疫情源于一个点源, 一个旅行者可能污染了公共水源.
- 消费未经处理的湖水,特别是塞丘村的A水点,显著增加霍乱风险 (aOR=4.3).
- 经过水处理 (aOR=0. 085) 和先前接种口服霍乱疫苗 (OCV) (aOR=0. 16) 显示有保护作用.
结论:
- 疫情是由一个旅行者引入Vibrio cholerae, 由社区依赖未经处理的湖水而放大.
- 大规模分发水处理用品,反复开展OCV宣传活动和公众宣传举措对于阻止疫情至关重要.
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