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马尔堡病毒在非洲爆发的频率越来越高:对公众健康的风险评估

Harald Brüssow¹

¹KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, Leuven, Belgium.

Microbial biotechnology

|September 3, 2025

概括

马尔堡病毒 (MARV) 爆发在非洲正在增加, 在非人类灵长类模型中,抗病毒药物和疫苗对马尔堡病毒病 (MVD) 具有前景.

科学领域:

病毒学
生态学
流行病学

背景情况:

马尔堡病毒 (MARV) 在非洲引起高死亡率的爆发,埃及罗塞特蝙蝠 (ERB) 被确定为自然储存库.
当人类进入蝙蝠息地时,会发生动物性传播事件,导致人类对人类的传染链有限.
由于其高死亡率,马尔堡病毒病 (MVD) 需要严格的感染控制措施.

研究的目的:

在非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 模型中评估各种抗病毒化合物的抗马尔堡病毒病 (MVD) 疗效.
评估不同候选疫苗在NHP中对致命的马尔堡病毒 (MARV) 的保护潜力.
为公共卫生战略和马尔堡病毒 (MARV) 爆发风险评估提供信息.

主要方法:

在NHP MVD模型中测试抗病毒化合物,包括加利迪西维尔,法维皮拉维尔,雷德西维尔,奥贝尔迪西维尔,小干扰RNA (siRNA) 和单克隆抗体.
在NHP中评估疫苗方法,如α病毒复制物,病毒载体,病毒样颗粒,重组蛋白和DNA疫苗.
根据化合物剂量,施用时间和疫苗类型分析生存率和保护水平.

主要成果:

在受到挑战的NHP中,抗病毒化合物显示出不同程度的存活率,这取决于剂量和施用时间.
多种疫苗策略在NHP中提供了对致命的MARV挑战的保护,DNA疫苗对人体具有良好的耐受性,但免疫性较低.
目前短暂的人类传播链表明国际大爆发的风险有限,但持续的基因组监测至关重要.

结论:

几种抗病毒和疫苗候选药物显示出对马尔堡病毒疾病 (MVD) 的治疗和预防的潜力.
非人类灵长类模型对于MVD对策的临床前评估是有价值的.
持续的研究和基因组分析对于管理未来的马堡病毒 (MARV) 爆发和防止更广泛的传播至关重要.

关键词:

马尔堡病毒抗病毒药物进行控制生态学流行病学病毒疫苗的使用动物感染

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