认知功能异质性对老年人抑郁风险的影响:基于功能状态的分层分析
Taotao Zhang1, Shang Li2, Zhichen Zhu1
1College of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
Frontiers in public health
|September 3, 2025
概括
身体功能状况对老年人的抑郁风险有重大影响. 身体功能受损加剧了认知功能低下与抑郁症之间的联系,
科学领域:
- 老年学
- 神经科学
- 精神病学
背景情况:
- 在老年人群中,抑郁症与认知衰退之间的关系尚不清楚.
- 身体功能状态是抑郁症与认知关系的潜在调节者.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用潜质分析 (LPA) 来研究不同身体功能状态的老年人认知功能异质性.
- 探索与老年人的抑郁症状相关的认知模式.
主要方法:
- 从中国健康与退休长度研究 (CHARLS 2020) 中,使用潜形状分析 (LPA) 来对4,158名老年人 (≥60岁) 的认知功能亚型进行分类.
- 逐步逻辑回归分析了认知特征与抑郁症状之间的关联.
- 参与者分为"功能完整"和"功能障碍"组.
主要成果:
- 在功能完整的个体中,出现了三种认知特征;认知能力低下和严重计算障碍的人患抑郁症的风险更高 (OR=1.52).
- 在功能障碍的个体中,出现了四种认知特征;认知能力低且计算能力严重的个体 (OR=3. 37) 和计算能力低下的个体 (OR=2. 65) 的抑郁风险显著更高.
- 功能障碍组与功能完整组相比,认知能力低下与抑郁症之间的关联明显更强 (B值: 1. 25 与 0. 42, p < 0. 001).
结论:
- 认知功能异质性,按身体状况分层,显著影响抑郁风险.
- 身体功能受损加剧了低认知功能的抑郁预测价值.
- 计算能力障碍可能是执行功能缺陷的早期指标,有助于识别针对性干预的高风险个体.
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