机器人舞蹈:通过图形神经网络和强化学习实现多机器人的计划
Matthew Lai1,2, Keegan Go3, Zhibin Li2
1Google DeepMind, London, UK.
Science robotics
|September 3, 2025
概括
本研究介绍了使用图形神经网络 (GNN) 进行复杂环境中的自动化多机器人任务分配,调度和运动规划的强化学习 (RL) 框架. 这种方法可以实现高效,无碰撞的制造任务协调.
科学领域:
- 机器人技术
- 人工智能
- 运营研究
背景情况:
- 对于传统的方法来说,协调多个机器人在共享的,充满障碍的制造工作空间来完成复杂的任务是具有计算挑战性的.
- 目前的工业多机器人系统通常依赖于基于人类专业知识的人工密集型轨迹规划.
- 需要自动化解决方案来克服在空间时间限制下共同分配任务,安排和行动计划的难度.
研究的目的:
- 在多机器人系统中开发强化学习 (RL) 框架,用于自动化任务和运动规划.
- 解决处理复杂,现实世界机器人制造场景的经典方法的局限性.
- 实现多个机器人在共享工作空间中执行任务的有效,无碰撞的协调.
主要方法:
- 一个使用图形神经网络 (GNN) 的强化学习 (RL) 框架被开发出来.
- 该GNN策略通过RL在具有多种配置的程序生成环境中进行训练.
- 该方法使用场景的图形表示和图形策略神经网络共同解决任务分配,调度和运动规划.
主要成果:
- 在一个充满障碍的环境中,RL框架成功实现了8个机器人的自动化任务和运动规划.
- 这项训练有素的策略展示了对不同机器人位置,障碍物几何形状和任务姿势的未见环境的零射击概括.
- 计划器的高速功能被证明可以提高工作单元格布局的优化,并实现容错和在线重新规划.
结论:
- 拟议的RL框架为制造业中复杂的多机器人协调问题提供了可扩展和高效的解决方案.
- 这种方法使关键的规划任务自动化,减少对手工干预的依赖,提高效率.
- 框架的通用化能力和速度为动态和适应性机器人系统开辟了新的可能性.
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