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人格特征在运动员选择中的作用:系统性审查
1School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
Acta psychologica
|September 3, 2025
概括
良心,外向和低神经性是运动成功的关键性格特征. 根据特定的体育和文化进行评估可以改善人才识别和绩效预测.
科学领域:
- 体育心理学
- 人类表现科学
背景情况:
- 人格特征越来越多地被用于运动员的选择,但它们的预测能力在不同的运动,竞争水平和文化背景上有很大差异.
- 了解最能预测运动表现的特定人格特质和潜在机制对于有效的人才识别和发展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查现有文献并确定哪些人格特质是体育表现的最强大预测因素.
- 阐明这些个性特征影响表现的神经生物学,心理和情境机制.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南和PROSPERO注册的协议,在五个数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索,数据收集到2025年3月.
- 包括22项涉及14个国家和18项运动的4181名运动员的横截面研究,研究质量使用STROBE检查清单进行评估.
主要成果:
- 良心和外向的更高水平始终预测了更好的体育表现 (效果大小从0.26到0.70不等).
- 神经症与表现呈负相关性 (β高达- 0.25).
- 性能预测是由直接的神经生物学效应 (多巴胺敏度,前额调节),间接心理因素 (动机,自我调节) 和上下文调节因素 (运动类型,竞争水平,文化) 调节的.
结论:
- 良心,外向和低神经症被认为是运动成功的可靠和适应性预测因素.
- 实施针对特定体育和文化背景的多特征评估可以提高人才识别的准确性.
- 未来的研究应该集中在使用标准化指标的纵向多方法研究上,以进一步验证这些发现.
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