来自Bacillus smithii IIIMB2907的CLEAs:在酸合成中的开发和应用
Ananta Ganjoo1, Hema Kumari2, Haseena Shafeeq2
1CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir 180001, India.
International journal of biological macromolecules
|September 3, 2025
概括
这项研究开发了原始氨基酶的交联酶聚合物 (CLEAs),用于高效的酸合成. 固定酶在生物反应器应用中表现出高稳定性和可重复使用性,使其具有成本效益的生物催化.
科学领域:
- 生物催化和酶工程
- 绿色化学
- 药物合成
背景情况:
- 通过交叉链接的酶聚合物 (CLEAs) 进行酶固定增强了稳定性和可重复使用性等酶特性.
- 原始酶为工业应用提供了成本高效的纯化酶替代品.
- 胺酸是有价值的药物中间体,具有多种应用.
研究的目的:
- 从Bacillus smithii IIIMB2907中开发和优化原始阿米达斯的CLEA.
- 评估这些CLEA在酸生物催化合成中的效率.
- 评估固定酶的稳定性和可重复使用性,以实现可持续生产.
主要方法:
- 优化CLEA制剂的原始胺酶参数.
- 使用无载体方法将阿米达斯固定.
- 在1L生物反应器中将胺转化为胺酸.
- 在多个反应周期中评估酶活性和稳定性.
主要成果:
- 成功开发了一种强大的固定生物催化剂 (CLEAs).
- 在多次使用后,CLEAs表现出高的催化活性和稳定性,保持大约70%的初始活性.
- 在1L生物反应器中实现了胺转化为酸的有效转化.
- 经过固定化后的原始酶被证明适合重复使用,强调其可重复使用性.
结论:
- 原胺酶的CLEA是一种实用且具有成本效益的酸生产解决方案.
- 这种固定化的酶系统提供了增强的稳定性和可重复使用性,适用于工业规模的生物催化剂.
- 这项研究为使用固定原始酶扩大可持续的酸合成提供了基础.
相关概念视频
01:28Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
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Amides can undergo either acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-promoted hydrolysis through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. Each hydrolysis requires severe conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
3.5K
01:13Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis
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Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
3.1K
01:19Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
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Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
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01:07Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis
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Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
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01:01Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
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Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
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01:29Preparation of Amides
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Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
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