古老的DNA与斯拉夫人的扩散联系在一起
Joscha Gretzinger1, Felix Biermann2,3, Hellen Mager4
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. joscha_gretzinger@eva.mpg.de.
Nature
|September 3, 2025
概括
遗传数据显示,在公元6世纪至8世纪期间,东欧的大规模人口迁移显著塑造了中欧和东欧的遗传景观,并表明了当地人口的不同同化.
科学领域:
- 人口遗传学
- 古遗传学
- 欧洲史前史
背景情况:
- 公元6世纪至8世纪,中欧和东欧发生了重大的文化和政治变化,与斯拉夫人口的出现有关.
- 斯拉夫人口的起源和传播受到争议,包括移民,文化同化 (斯拉夫化) 或组合.
- 有限的古老遗传数据,特别是来自火葬场所的遗传数据, 阻碍了斯拉夫人人口动态的理解.
研究的目的:
- 使用古老的全基因组数据调查与斯拉夫人扩张相关的遗传起源和人口迁移.
- 将遗传发现与考古证据进行比较,以了解人口替代和同化过程.
- 在斯拉夫早期探索区域遗传异质性和社会组织.
主要方法:
- 555个古老个体的全基因组分析,包括359个中世纪早期的斯拉夫语背景 (公元7世纪以后).
- 从东欧到中东欧的人口流动和混合模式的分析.
- 将遗传数据与关于物质文化,社会组织和定居模式的考古发现相结合.
主要成果:
- 在公元6世纪至8世纪之间,从东欧向中欧和东欧的大规模基因流入,取代了东德,波兰和克罗地亚等地区80%以上的当地祖先.
- 发现了显著的区域遗传变异和缺乏性别偏差的混合, 表明复杂的相互作用和同化过程.
- 观察到遗传祖先的转变与社会组织的变化之间的相关性,包括网站内部和网站之间的遗传相关性增加,以及东德的 patrilocality.
结论:
- 遗传数据强烈支持来自东欧的大规模人口迁移是斯拉夫人扩张的主要驱动力.
- 这些发现表明移民和同化之间存在复杂的相互作用,不同地区对当地人口的影响程度各不相同.
- 遗传和考古证据总体上表明,这一时期欧洲的重大文化和语言变化与这些大量的人口迁移有关.
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