相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Culture - Creating a Semi-Quantitatively Controlled Microenvironment System to Counter Current Limitations

Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Culture - Creating a Semi-Quantitatively Controlled Microenvironment System to Counter Current Limitations

Published on: July 21, 2023

植物和动物的近期灭绝是罕见的,局部的和减速的

John J Wiens¹, Kristen E Saban²

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America.

|September 4, 2025

概括

高级分类的近期灭绝,包括属,家族和序列,并不像以前所认为的那样严重. 虽然发生了一些灭绝,但数量有所下降,大多数是单型或岛屿特有.

科学领域:

生物多样性丧失和保护生物学
古生物学与进化生物学
动物学和植物学

背景情况:

一项先前的研究表明,属和更高的类型的灭绝正在迅速加速,这表明目前的大规模灭绝事件正在发生.
这项研究只关注陆地脊椎动物,
了解所有主要类型的灭绝模式对于准确评估生物多样性危机至关重要.

研究的目的:

在所有主要生物群体中全面检查较高分类的近期灭绝事件 (过去500年).
评估迅速加速灭绝的说法,并评估更高的分类损失的整体严重性.

主要方法:

分析了包括动物和植物在内的多种类型的属,家族和类的记录灭绝情况.
各种群体的量化灭绝率,如哺乳动物,鸟类,鱼,爬行动物,两动物,关节动物和植物.
已灭绝的属的研究特征,包括单型和地理分布 (例如岛屿特有).

主要成果:

在过去的500年中,已有102个属,10个家族和2个序列灭绝.
灭绝主要集中在哺乳动物和鸟类中;光鱼,爬行动物,两动物,关节动物和植物的灭绝很少.
大多数灭绝的属是单型 (80%) 和岛屿特有 (76%);在过去的一个世纪中,灭绝率有所下降.

结论:

高分类的近期灭绝不像以前仅限于陆地脊椎动物的研究所表明的那样严重.
大多数高分类物种的灭绝都集中在少数经过充分研究的群体,主要是哺乳动物和鸟类.
种类的灭绝速度并没有迅速加快;相反,它们在最近几十年里有所下降.

更多相关视频

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles

Published on: July 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Leaf Trait Analysis for Climate and Ecology Reconstruction in Modern and Ancient Plant Communities

Author Spotlight: Leaf Trait Analysis for Climate and Ecology Reconstruction in Modern and Ancient Plant Communities

Published on: October 25, 2024

相关概念视频

Threats to Biodiversity

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...

Conservation of Small Populations

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...

The Fossil Record

The Fossil Record

The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.

Speciation Rates

Speciation Rates

Genetic Drift

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.