在西班牙马萨罗恩矿区对潜在有毒元素的环境评估
M Azizi1, D M Carmona2, A Faz1
1Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
The Science of the total environment
|September 4, 2025
概括
在西班牙马扎罗恩的采矿活动中, 土壤受到,和等有毒金属的严重污染. 酸性,性环境增加了金属的流动性, 造成了需要紧急修复的重大生态风险.
科学领域:
- 环境科学
- 地质化学
- 土壤科学
背景情况:
- 采矿区容易受到潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 的环境污染.
- 定期监测对于评估受采矿影响地区的环境风险至关重要.
- 矿山废物中的酸性和性条件可以提高金属的溶解性和流动性.
研究的目的:
- 评估马萨罗恩矿区土壤和废物污染的程度和空间分布.
- 分析影响金属流动性和生物利用性的物理化学性质.
- 评估与金属污染相关的生态风险,并制定补救策略.
主要方法:
- 在不同深度和位置采集土壤和废物样本.
- 对土壤/废物物理化学特性 (pH,电导率) 的分析.
- 对Cd,Cu,Zn和Pb的总量,水溶性和生物可用性进行量化.
- 产生污染指数,空间分布图和垂直配置文件.
- 统计分析以确定控制金属移动性的因素.
主要成果:
- 发现高度酸性 (pH2.6-4) 和性 (EC高达8.3dSm-1) 的条件,特别是在尾矿池中.
- 在废物中观察到严重的Cd,Zn和Pb污染,Pb>10,000毫克/公斤,Zn>16,000毫克/公斤.
- Cd的生物利用率高 (高达99%),对生态造成重大风险.
- 土壤的酸度和盐度是控制金属流动性的关键因素;人为投入丰富了Cd和Zn.
- 证实了极端的污染水平和高的生态风险,其中Cd是主要的风险因素.
结论:
- 马萨罗恩矿区受到严重的PTE污染,
- 由于其生物可用性,构成最大的生态风险,需要有针对性的整治.
- 需要采取紧急的整治策略,包括pH稳定和金属封闭,以减轻长期的环境影响.
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