细胞外囊泡:生物发生机制和对瘤免疫微环境的影响
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
在PubMed上查看摘要
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 通过传输生物活性物质来调解细胞通信. 本综述探讨了包括非典型类型在内的EV如何调节瘤免疫微环境 (TIME) 以及它们在癌症诊断和治疗中的潜力.
科学领域
- 细胞生物学
- 免疫学
- 癌症学
背景情况
- 细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是细胞间通信的关键媒介,携带各种生物活性分子.
- 电动汽车载荷和生物发生受细胞环境和特定分子调节者的影响.
- 瘤免疫微环境 (TIME) 是一个复杂的网络,其中EV发挥着重要作用.
研究的目的
- 审查EV生物发生,分泌和它们在调节TIME中的多方面的作用.
- 总结来自瘤和免疫细胞的EV对癌症进展和免疫规避的影响.
- 突出了EV在癌症诊断和治疗中的临床应用.
主要方法
- 专注于EV生物发生,功能和临床应用的文献综述.
- 分析详细介绍瘤免疫微环境中的EV通信的研究.
- 检查非典型电动汽车及其在癌症中的特定作用的研究.
主要成果
- 在TIME中调节免疫细胞表型,促进免疫逃避.
- 免疫细胞衍生的EV可以影响瘤细胞恶性瘤.
- 不典型的电动汽车在时间范围内表现出独特的调节功能.
- 在癌症检测中使用液体活检.
- 电动汽车正在作为抗癌疗法的药物载体进行探索,临床试验正在进行中.
结论
- 电动汽车是癌症生物学中的关键参与者,影响了TIME,并提供了诊断和治疗潜力.
- 进一步了解电动汽车的机制和技术进步将释放它们的全部生物医学应用.
- 电动汽车是开发新型癌症治疗和诊断工具的前沿.
相关概念视频
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...