住院老年患者的虚弱和认知衰退:与临床和实验室参数的关联

Elżbieta Kozak-Szkopek1,2, Katarzyna Wdowiak3, Anna M Imiela2

  • 1Department of Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

背景 衰弱综合征(FS)和认知功能障碍是老年医学中的主要问题,尤其在住院老年患者中更为普遍。本研究的主要目的是评估住院老年患者中FS与认知功能障碍的共病情况。此外,研究还分析了这些状况与功能状态、跌倒风险、感觉障碍、抑郁症状及部分预后相关实验室指标之间的关系。研究假设为衰弱程度与认知功能障碍的严重程度相关。 材料与方法 本项回顾性研究分析了2022年1月1日至12月31日期间连续收治于华沙医科大学大学临床中心内科与心脏病学诊所内科及老年病科的265例患者的医疗记录。住院期间,所有患者均接受了综合老年评估(CGA),评估工具包括:日常生活活动能力 Katz 指数(ADL)、工具性日常生活活动 Lawton 量表(IADL)、Barthel 指数、短版 Tinetti 测试、Norton 量表、简易精神状态检查(MMSE)以及15项老年抑郁量表(GDS-15)。衰弱状态采用临床衰弱量表(CFS)进行评估。实验室检查包括血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、钠离子及促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平。 结果 大多数患者(64.77%)表现出衰弱迹象,其中21.59%为前衰弱状态,13.63%为非衰弱。衰弱严重程度与认知功能障碍加重相关。CFS评分与年龄(P<0.001)、白蛋白水平(P<0.001)、血红蛋白水平(P=0.002)、淋巴细胞计数(P=0.292)及MMSE评分(P<0.001)等临床参数之间存在统计学显著关联。功能评估工具(ADL、IADL、Norton量表、Barthel指数及Tinetti测试)的评分均与CFS和MMSE结果显著相关(P<0.05)。 结论 在住院老年患者中,衰弱严重程度与认知功能下降及功能表现减退相关。较低的白蛋白和淋巴细胞水平与更严重的衰弱及更差的认知功能障碍相关。

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