在轻度认知障碍的2型糖尿病患者中,嗅觉训练改善认知和修改大脑网络:一项为期16周的随机对照试验
Yining Chao1,2, Xuewei Tong1,2, Bing Zhang3
1Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism
|September 5, 2025
概括
在2型糖尿病和轻度认知障碍患者中,嗅觉训练 (OT) 改善了认知功能. 这种为期16周的家庭干预提高了记忆力,执行功能和嗅觉表现,
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 内分泌学
- 老年学
背景情况:
- 2型糖尿病 (T2D) 与认知障碍有关,通常与嗅觉功能障碍有关.
- 在T2D患者中,轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 具有进一步认知衰退的显著风险.
- 嗅觉训练 (OT) 在患有MCI的T2D患者中提高认知能力的潜力尚未得到充分证实.
研究的目的:
- 调查16周的嗅觉训练 (OT) 计划在缓解MCIT2D患者的认知衰退方面的有效性.
- 评估OT对全球和特定领域认知功能的影响.
- 探索OT对嗅觉性能,神经成像标志物和代谢参数的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项为期16周的开放性试验,涉及60名患有MCI的T2D参与者,随机分为OT或对照组.
- 其他组每天进行两次6分钟的气味接触.
- 主要结果:蒙特利尔认知评估 (MoCA) 评分的变化;次要结果:神经心理测试,嗅觉测试,MRI和代谢参数.
主要成果:
- 嗅觉训练显著改善了整体认知,与对照组相比,MoCA得分增加得更大 (Δ+1.9对 Δ+0.4).
- 在视觉空间,语言和执行功能,以及嗅觉功能的显著提高.
- 神经成像显示海马子场体积增加和前额激活发生变化;嗅觉改善介导认知增长.
结论:
- 在患有MCI的T2D患者中,16周的OT疗法有效地改善了认知功能.
- 对嗅觉表现和相关的神经变化有好处.
- 这项研究支持OT作为一种可行的,低成本的家庭干预措施,以保护这一面临风险的人群的认知能力.
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