更多的相似性比差异:在早期青少年大脑结构中的性别和性别差异的比较
Carinna Torgerson1,2, Katherine Bottenhorn1, Hedyeh Ahmadi1
1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|September 5, 2025
概括
检查青少年的大脑结构显示两性之间存在很大的相似性, 不仅仅是平均值,差异也是理解大脑发育的关键.
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 发展心理学
- 人体解剖学
背景情况:
- 青少年神经成像研究往往侧重于平均性别差异,可能会高估性二态.
- 了解大脑发育需要检查男性和女性大脑结构的差异和重叠.
研究的目的:
- 描述青春期早期大脑宏观和微观结构差异的性别差异.
- 研究差异对观察到的脑发育性别差异的贡献.
主要方法:
- 使用了来自青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的大量样本 (N=7,723).
- 分析了全球和区域的灰色/白质体积,皮质厚度和白质微观结构 (微分异构,平均扩散性).
- 使用原始和调整的大脑估计,检查了性别内部和性别之间的差异,分布重叠,差异异异同质性,效果大小和共同语言效应大小 (CLES).
主要成果:
- 在考虑混因素后,在大多数区域大脑结构中发现高相似性和低平均差异.
- 总脑容量 (TBV) 显示出中等效果的大小差异,男性往往有更大的大脑.
- 在皮层和皮下体积中观察到显著的异质差异,一些区域在其他指标中显示出性别差异.
结论:
- 与普遍观点相反, 青少年的大脑在区域结构上并没有高度的性别二态性.
- 性别之间的差异可能会导致以前报告的脑容量性别差异.
- 在对脑结构进行性别比较时,强调考虑差异的重要性,而不仅仅是平均差异.
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