亲和成熟和轻链介导的帕拉托普多样化预测病毒演变
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|September 5, 2025
概括
疫苗训练免疫系统应对当前和未来的SARS-CoV-2变种. 这项研究揭示了抗体突变如何独立于变种暴露,提供广泛的抗病毒保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 疫苗的开发旨在诱导对现有病原体和未来变种的免疫力.
- 抗体中和进化菌株的预测范围对于疫苗的长期有效性至关重要.
- SARS-CoV-2 ACE2结合部位是中和抗体的关键目标.
研究的目的:
- 研究针对SARS-CoV-2 ACE2结合部位的抗体的预测宽度的机制.
- 分析体变异和抗体链配对在中和宽度中的作用.
- 了解抗体反应如何适应病毒的演变.
主要方法:
- 从接种疫苗的人群中分离和鉴定IGHV3-53/66抗体.
- 从未接种过疫苗的个体和患有Omicron突破性感染的个体的抗体进行比较分析.
- 抗体与受体结合域复合物的结构分析.
主要成果:
- 接种mRNA的个体的抗体中和了Omicron变异,显示了宽度的标志性突变.
- 与宽度相关的体质突变模式独立于变体暴露.
- 奥米克龙感染影响了轻链配对,建议选择有利的轻链.
- 重链突变提炼了与保存的病毒残留物的接触,而轻链配对则转移了表位以适应病毒突变.
结论:
- 一个预测宽度的模型涉及准受限制的表位,建立"亲和缓冲区"的亲和成熟,以及多样性的可变链配对.
- 这些机制补偿病毒突变,为预测和准备病毒进化提供了一个框架.
- 了解这些抗体动态对于设计下一代针对SARS-CoV-2等快速发展的病毒的疫苗至关重要.
更多相关视频
08:48Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
Published on: October 25, 2016
8.6K
05:15Detection of Neutralization-sensitive Epitopes in Antigens Displayed on Virus-Like Particle VLP-Based Vaccines Using a Capture Assay
Published on: February 10, 2022
3.7K
相关概念视频
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
5.4K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
5.4K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
4.4K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
4.4K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
789
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
789
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
916
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
916
Affinity and Avidity
36.6K
Overview
36.6K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
4.0K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
4.0K
