临床医学中的人工智能代理:系统性审查
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|September 5, 2025
概括
人工智能代理在标准大语言模型 (LLM) 上显著提高医疗保健任务性能,特别是当代理复杂性与任务复杂性相匹配时. 多种药剂系统对复杂的临床应用具有前景.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 临床信息学
- 计算医学
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 正在演变为能够进行任务规划,工具利用和代理间协调的人工智能代理.
- 与标准的LLM不同,人工智能代理可以执行多步骤的过程,访问实时的临床数据,并集成多种数据源.
- 虽然对临床和管理任务的人工智能剂的兴趣日益增长,但它们的性能和医疗保健中的多种药剂系统的有效性仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估人工智能在医疗环境中的表现.
- 将人工智能代理系统的有效性与临床任务的标准LLM进行比较.
- 列出人工智能代理人在医疗保健中完成任务的具体工具.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Web of Science和Scopus进行了全面的文献搜索 (2022年10月至2025年8月).
- 使用人工智能剂进行临床任务的同行评审研究与定量性能比较被选中.
- 两位独立审核员提取了药剂架构,性能指标和临床应用的数据,并通过讨论或第三位审核员解决了差异.
主要成果:
- 20项研究符合纳入标准,始终证明所有人工智能剂系统的精度都超过了基线LLM.
- 单剂工具调用研究的中位数改善为53个百分点,在某些情况下的增长超过60个百分点.
- 多个代理系统,特别是最多5个代理,在复杂的任务中表现最佳,当代理框架的复杂性与任务的复杂性保持一致时,收益最大.
结论:
- 人工智能剂显然提高了基础LLM的临床任务性能,特别是当它们的结构复杂性与任务相适应时.
- 这些发现表明,与传统的LLM相比,AI代理能够解决以前难以解决的医疗保健领域.
- 未来的研究应优先考虑使用现实数据的前性多中心试验,以确定人工智能剂在临床实践中的安全性,任务适用性和成本效益.
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