女短跑运动员和团队运动员的水平跳动力学与冲刺表现之间的关系
Bjørn Johansen1, Roland van den Tillaar1, Jonathon Neville2
1Department of Sports Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|September 5, 2025
概括
水平跳跃练习, 像单腿跳跃一样, 有效地预测女性运动员的冲刺表现. 这些跳跃测试可用于评估和训练短跑者和团队运动员的冲刺能力.
科学领域:
- 生物力学和运动生理学
- 体育科学与绩效分析
背景情况:
- 在各种体育比赛中,冲刺表现至关重要.
- 了解水平跳跃能力与短跑之间的关系是运动员发展的关键.
- 在这些关系中,专业短跑运动员和团队运动员之间可能存在差异.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同水平跳跃练习与女运动员冲刺表现之间的关系.
- 为了确定这些关系是否在短跑运动员和团队运动员之间有所不同.
主要方法:
- 十二名女短跑运动员和十二名团队运动员进行了40米短跑和四次30米水平跳跃测试 (速度或距离的跳跃和单腿跳跃).
- 分析了运动变量,包括水平速度,步骤长度,接触时间,飞行时间和步骤频率.
- 使用双向混合设计ANOVA进行统计分析.
主要成果:
- 在测试类型和运动员组之间观察到动力学变量的显著差异.
- 短跑者通常表现出更高的水平速度,更长的步骤长度和更短的接触时间.
- 单腿跳跃速度与冲刺速度的相关性最强,特别是在冲刺者中 (r=0.70-0.92). 速度的限制与团队运动运动员的冲刺表现有很强的相关性 (r=0.57-0.68).
结论:
- 选择的水平跳跃测试,特别是单腿跳跃的速度,是女性运动员冲刺表现的有效预测.
- 这些跳跃测试可以作为绩效评估和冲刺特定训练的有价值工具.
- 这些发现突显了基于跳跃的评估在不同运动群体中增强冲刺能力的有用性.
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