2008年至2023年,美国军人的有毒动物咬伤和刺伤
Ralph A Stidham1, José M Jimenez2, Sithembile L Mabila3
1Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance, U.S. Army Public Health Command, West.
MSMR
|September 5, 2025
概括
主要来自关节动物的毒性咬和刺痛. 妇女和年轻人患病率较高,强调需要有针对性的预防策略.
科学领域:
- 军事医学
- 流行病学
- 毒理学
背景情况:
- 有毒的咬伤和刺伤对活跃组件服务人员 (ACSM) 构成重大,但往往被忽视的健康风险.
- 了解这些遭遇的流行病学对于制定有效的预防和管理策略以保持部队准备至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从2008年到2023年,描述医学诊断的有毒咬伤和刺伤的发生率和趋势.
- 确定与这些遭遇相关的人口和军事特异性风险因素.
- 提供有针对性的公共卫生干预和医疗支持.
主要方法:
- 从国防医疗监测系统 (DMSS) 的医疗遭遇数据的回顾性分析.
- 对有毒咬伤和刺伤的发生率 (IR) 和发生率比率 (IRR) 的计算.
- 根据人口统计数据 (性别,年龄,种族/民族) 和军事服务/军进行分层.
主要成果:
- 在39,201名ACSM中,共发现了42,552例有毒咬伤和刺伤事件 (IR:19.3每10,000人/年).
- 关节动物占所有事件的75.0%,蛇,有毒鱼和其他海洋动物占其余.
- 在女性 (25. 0),20岁以下 (24. 5) 和美国海岸警卫队中观察到较高的IR. 公共卫生服务人员 (23.4) 女性的风险比男性高37.0%.
结论:
- 毒性接触仍然是ACSM的持续健康问题,关节动物是最常见的原因.
- 风险不均,在性别,年龄组和特定军事部门中观察到显著的差异.
- 调查结果强调需要针对性预防计划,加强培训和强有力的医疗准备,以减轻这些伤害的影响.
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