利用港口国家措施打击非法,未报告和不受管制的渔业
Elizabeth R Selig1, Colette C C Wabnitz1,2,3, Shinnosuke Nakayama1
1Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Science advances
|September 5, 2025
概括
港口国家措施协议 (PSMA) 将渔业努力转移到非成员国港口. 然而,国内船队活动的增加和换旗表明需要采取全面的港口国家措施来打击非法,未报告和不受管制的 (IUU) 渔业.
科学领域:
- 海洋政策和渔业管理
- 全球海事安全和合规性
- 渔业中的卫星遥感应用
背景情况:
- 非法,未报告和未监管 (IUU) 捕捞对海洋生态系统和全球粮食安全构成重大威胁.
- 港口国家措施协议 (PSMA) 是一项旨在防止外国船舶非法捕捞的重要国际协议.
- 了解PSMA对渔船的行为影响对于其有效实施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过卫星数据分析港口国家措施协议 (PSMA) 对公海渔船行为的影响.
- 确定PSMA采用如何影响港口选择和捕捞力度的分配.
- 发现加强PSMA对打击IUU渔业的影响的机会.
主要方法:
- 利用卫星数据追踪和描述渔船的行为.
- 分析了PSMA实施后船舶港口选择和航程的变化.
- 在国内港口,PSMA缔约方港口和非缔约方港口之间进行量化捕捞力度转移.
主要成果:
- 该协议的实施导致了对非缔约方港口的航程增加,并将渔业努力转向国内港口和缔约方港口.
- 国内渔船占港口访问的很大一部分 (2021年为66%),这表明需要集中注意力.
- 据观察,换国旗的船只访问PSMA港口的数量增加了30%,这表明了规避外国船只PSMA法规的策略.
结论:
- 必须对外国和国内船队采取一致和有效的港口国家措施,以减轻非法捕捞渔业的风险.
- 这项研究强调了解决与船只重新标志和国内船队监督有关的漏洞的重要性.
- 加强PSMA的实施需要一个整体的方法,考虑到不同的车队行为和合规策略.
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