我们的选择指数是否有太多的特征?
1Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, Bowie, MD 20716; Department of Animal Sciences, Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910; Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621; Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
养殖指数有效地提高了奶牛的整体遗传价值,即使具有许多特征. 尽管人们担心反应稀释,但选择指数对经济特征保持了有利的遗传收益.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学
- 定量遗传学
- 乳制品科学
背景情况:
- 选择性育种在历史上主要关注外观, 转向像牛奶产量等性能特征.
- 繁殖指数将多种特征的表现整合到一个经济价值指标中.
- 终身净值指数 (NM$) 从1971年的2个特征发展到2025年的17个特征.
研究的目的:
- 评估越来越多特征的美国农业部选择指数的有效性.
- 对乳牛选择指数的相关反应和遗传增益趋势进行分析.
- 解决复杂育种指数中"稀释"选择反应的担忧.
主要方法:
- 在12个USDA选择指数中对24个特征和复合物进行选择的相关反应计算.
- 检查了随着时间的推移指数有效率和遗传增益率的变化.
- 评估不同索引版本和群体之间的遗传性和等级相关性.
主要成果:
- 只有收益率特征的指数显示出最高的遗传性 (0.272-0.290).
- 终身净值 (NM$) 指数的遗传性从0.188 (2010) 增加到0.243 (2025).
- 索引之间的等级相关性仍然很高 (0.8746-0.9994),这表明尽管复杂性很高,但始终保持一致.
结论:
- 正确构建的选择指数可以同时实现多个特征的理想遗传收益.
- 在指数中增加的特征包括改变了个体特征的反应,而不是整体的经济价值反应.
- 对于脂肪,蛋白质,生产寿命和BW复合物的选择收益仍然具有经济意义.
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