熟练护理机构的人口特征和停留时间:前性队列研究
Morgan Byrd1, Anna Stark1, Jennifer Head2
1Department of Epidemiology, Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
熟练护理人员的住宿时间受功能依赖和医疗设备的影响. 了解这些因素有助于改善这些设施中日益增长的老年人排放计划.
科学领域:
- 老年学
- 流行病学
- 传染病流行病学
背景情况:
- 熟练的护理机构为日益增长的老年人提供关键的急性护理.
- 对SNF的需求增加引发了人们对因共享空间和访客而导致的病原体暴露和病毒传播的担忧.
- 人们对SNF居民的特点和停留时间 (LOS) 了解甚少.
研究的目的:
- 估计SNF居民中呼吸道症状的流行,共享空间的使用和访客频率.
- 在SNF中确定与停留时间 (LOS) 相关的患者特征.
- 根据排放计划,了解影响居民结果的因素.
主要方法:
- 对313名SNF患者进行前性队列研究 (老年人急性呼吸道疾病的追踪 - TARI).
- 在最多5次访问中收集人口统计,健康,呼吸系统症状,设施使用和访客的数据.
- 用于分析患者特征和LOS之间的关联的Lognormal生存模型.
主要成果:
- 平均LOS为21.82天;23. 2%的患者在入院时报告呼吸系统症状,随着时间的推移而下降.
- 对日常生活活动的依赖 (HR 1.63) 和血管通道/手术排水 (HR 1.37) 的存在显著增加了LOS.
- 年龄较大和心脏病与逗留时间较短有关; 84% 的居民有访客.
结论:
- 功能依赖和特定的医疗设备是 SNF 长期存在的关键预测因素.
- 这些发现有助于优化排放规划和SNF的资源分配.
- 介绍了"健康老年人效应"假说.
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