冲动性和神经症与青少年的酒精使用风险有着不同的功能连接特征
Annie Cheng1, Sarah Lichenstein1, Bader Chaarani2
1Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Molecular psychiatry
|September 5, 2025
概括
在青少年中常见的冲动性和神经性有着不同的脑网络特征. 这些神经特征与饮酒风险有关,
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 发展心理学
- 精神病学
背景情况:
- 青春期的特点是冲动性和负面影响 (神经症),这两种情况都与酒精使用和风险行为有关.
- 使用全脑方法的功能连接分析可以识别心理特征的个体差异的神经特征.
- 了解这些神经基础对于识别有毒物品使用风险的年轻人至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 识别和比较青少年的冲动性和神经质的功能性大脑连接特征.
- 研究与这些特征和酒精使用风险相关的重叠和独特的神经机制.
- 确定冲动性和神经性的神经特征是不同的还是共同的.
主要方法:
- 在多个欧洲研究中,利用基于连接组的功能连接数据对1100名青少年 (年龄19岁) 进行了预测建模.
- 将冲动性和神经症的网络解剖与之前识别的酒精使用风险网络进行比较.
- 交叉验证模型以确保对外部样本的概括性.
主要成果:
- 预测模型准确地识别了冲动性和神经性神经特征 (r's ~0.17-0.19,p's <0.05) 并将其概括为外部样本.
- 冲动性网络主要涉及运动/感官连接;神经症网络更多地分布在运动/感觉,默认模式,皮层下,前侧垂体和小脑网络中.
- 冲动性和神经性网络之间很少有联系,它们与酒精使用风险网络的重叠对于每个特征来说都是不同的.
结论:
- 这项研究首次确定了年轻人的冲动性和神经障碍的功能连接特征.
- 冲动性和神经症的神经特征在很大程度上是不同的,支持青少年发展的等效模型.
- 尽管有不同的神经通路,但这两种特征都与酒精使用风险有关,突出显示了复杂的发育轨迹.
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