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相关概念视频

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 10, 2026

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells
09:32

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells

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在接受一线编程细胞死亡蛋白1单一治疗的日本晚期黑色素瘤患者中,根据最佳瘤负担分层预测和毒性

Ken Horisaki1,2, Shusuke Yoshikawa1, Wataru Omata1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan.

The Journal of dermatology
|September 6, 2025
PubMed
概括

最好的瘤负荷变化 (BTBC) 比总体反应更好地预测了晚期恶性黑色素瘤患者的预后和毒性. 更大的瘤缩小与毒性增加相关.

关键词:
免疫检查点抑制剂黑色素瘤尼沃卢马布孟布罗利祖马布

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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells
09:32

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科学领域:

  • 癌症学
  • 免疫疗法
  • 黑色素瘤研究

背景情况:

  • 免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI),特别是抗编程细胞死亡蛋白-1 (PD-1) 抗体,对晚期恶性黑色素瘤 (MM) 进行了先进的治疗.
  • 然而,很大一部分患者对PD- 1单一疗法没有反应,反应率因患者的人口结构和黑色素瘤亚型而异.
  • 与免疫相关的不良事件 (irAEs) 是一个令人担忧的问题,并且在预测现实结果时,标准疗效测量 (如最佳整体反应) 的实用性尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 在接受第一线PD-1单一治疗的日本患者中,评估最佳瘤负荷变化 (BTBC) 与预后或毒性之间的关联.
  • 将BTBC的预测值与长期结果和不良事件的最佳总体反应进行比较.

主要方法:

  • 日本静岡癌症中心的回顾性队列研究.
  • 对115名IV期MM患者进行一线PD-1单一治疗的分析.
  • 评估BTBC (目标病变大小的百分比变化) 与整体存活率,新病变的发生率和irrAEs之间的相关性.

主要成果:

  • 随着瘤负担的减少,预后有所改善;BTBC < 0% 是有利的长期预后的显著预测指标 (p < 0. 001).
  • 在部分反应和稳定疾病组之间没有发现总生存率的显著差异 (p = 0. 833).
  • 在BTBC < 0%组中观察到任何级别的irrAEs的更高发病率 (p < 0. 001),表明瘤缩与毒性增加相关.

结论:

  • 最好的瘤负担变化 (BTBC) 可能比最佳整体反应更准确地预测PD-1单一治疗的晚期MM患者的预后和毒性.
  • BTBC < 0% 表示预后良好,而BTBC ≥ 0% 表示预后不佳,不论病变是否出现.
  • 将BTBC纳入治疗规划和毒性监测可以加强第四阶段MM的管理策略,因此需要进行前性验证.