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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

444
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
444
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

566
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
566
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

436
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
436
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

388
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
388
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

203
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
203
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

528
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
528

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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

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大型语言模型是否像人类一样学习:形态学习中的交联和间隔实践

Ying Xiong1, Shiyu Wu1

  • 1Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.

Acta psychologica
|September 6, 2025
PubMed
概括

人类和大型语言模型 (LLM) 的学习方式不同. 但它们没有复制人类的学习策略,比如交织和间隔效应.

科学领域:

  • 认知科学
  • 人工智能
  • 计算语言学

背景情况:

  • 了解人类学习机制对于开发先进的人工智能至关重要.
  • 大型语言模型 (LLM) 在语言学习方面表现有前途,但其学习过程尚未完全被理解.
  • 研究LLM如何学习人工语言可以揭示与人类认知相比的根本差异.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较人类与LLM之间在人工语言中获得的形态模式.
  • 检查输入结构 (阻断与交错,并置与间隔) 在两种系统中如何影响学习.
  • 发现学习机制和认知策略的差异.

主要方法:

  • 使用一种人工语言学习模式.
  • 参与者包括人类和三个LLM (GPT4mini,DeepSeek_V3,Llama3.1).
  • 用不同的输入序列和表达方式进行了动词分类和曲任务.

主要成果:

  • 它们的表现始终优于人类,
  • 人类的学习受到交错和间隔效应的影响, 这与认知理论一致.
  • 对输入结构的响应依赖于模型,与人类的学习模式有所不同.
  • 与大多数LLM不同的是,人类对学习偏好表现出了超认知错觉.
关键词:
交叉效应大型语言模型 (LLM)超级认知形态学习间隔效应

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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结论:

  • 人类的学习机制,如交错和间隔,并不能直接转化为LLM.
  • 虽然LLM对输入结构敏感,但与人类的认知方式不同.
  • 不同的LLM架构对输入序列和呈现具有不同程度的敏感性.