肠道热 (伤寒和副伤寒)
Rebecca Kuehn1, Paul Rahden2, Huma Syed Hussain3
1Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 6, 2025
概括
肠胃热是由沙门氏菌和帕拉蒂菲菌引起的, 是通过受污染的水和食物传播的严重感染. 预防依赖于疫苗和改善的卫生条件.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病
- 微生物学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 肠道热,包括伤寒和偏伤寒,是由Salmonella enterica Typhi和Paratyphi引起的.
- 这些感染在缺乏水,卫生和卫生设施 (WASH) 的地区普遍存在.
- 便口传播促进了这些衰弱性疾病的传播.
研究的目的:
- 提供肠热的全面概述,包括其病因,传播,临床表现,诊断,治疗和预防.
- 突出区分肠热与其他发烧性疾病的挑战.
- 强调抗菌素耐药性模式和疫苗接种在疾病管理中的重要性.
主要方法:
- 对诊断方法的文献审查,包括血液和骨髓培养.
- 分析推的治疗方案,如阿兹胺,西普罗素和塞夫特里亚.
- 评估现有的预防策略,包括伤寒V-结合剂疫苗和WASH改进.
主要成果:
- 肠热的典型症状包括逐渐升高的发烧,不适,头痛和肌痛,这些症状往往因抗菌药物耐药性而复杂化.
- 血液或骨髓培养是参考诊断,尽管血液培养的敏感性有限.
- 需要根据局部模式仔细选择治疗.
结论:
- 有效管理肠热需要准确的诊断,依据耐药性数据进行适当的抗菌治疗,并采取强有力的预防策略.
- 疫苗接种,特别是结疹病毒结合剂疫苗,以及WASH的显著改善,对于控制肠热至关重要.
- 持续监测抗菌素耐药性和公共卫生干预措施对于应对全球肠道热的负担至关重要.
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