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可以使用快速诊断测试来检测猿类疟疾吗?

Wanassanan Madmanee¹, Nicholas P J Day², Nicholas J White²

¹Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.

|September 6, 2025

概括

人类疟疾快速诊断测试 (RDT) 显示了猿类疟疾的可变性. 随着寄生虫密度的提高,敏感性得到改善,一些RDT在非人类灵长类动物中超过90%的检测.

科学领域:

热带医学
寄生虫学
诊断的发展

背景情况:

来自非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 的动物性疟疾存在诊断挑战.
人类疟疾快速诊断试验 (RDT) 尚未对猿类疟疾进行评估.
准确的诊断对于了解和控制NHP疟疾传播至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估商业上可用的人类疟疾RDT在非人类灵长类动物中检测Plasmodium物种的性能.
评估寄生虫密度对猿类疟疾RDT敏感性的影响.
为了比较RDT检测不同Plasmodium抗原 (PfHRP2,pLDH,aldolase) 的有效性.

主要方法:

使用14种不同RDT品牌分析了131个确诊疟疾的NHP血样.
包括30个疟疾阳性样作为对照.
使用定量PCR (qPCR) 作为寄生虫检测和量化的参考标准.

主要成果:

在不同品牌和Plasmodium物种 (P. cynomolgi,P. inui,P. coatneyi) 中,RDT的敏感度从34. 2%到94. 3%不等.
当寄生虫密度超过200个寄生虫/μL时,性能最好的RDTs的灵敏度超过了90%.
在感染疟疾的NHP样本中,1-17%出现了pfHRP2阳性结果;对照组没有虚假阳性结果.

结论:

猿类疟疾的RDT性能受RDT品牌,Plasmodium物种和寄生虫密度的影响.
大多数RDT品牌在200个寄生虫/μL以上的寄生虫密度下显示出良好的敏感性.
需要进一步的研究来优化动物传播疟疾监测的RDT.

关键词:

澳门快速诊断测试猿类疟疾泰国非人类灵长类动物动物传染

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