弥合医疗保健中的数据差距:在结构化数据分析中对转移学习的范围审查
1Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Health data science
|September 8, 2025
概括
转移学习 (TL) 可以使用现有数据改进医学研究模型. 然而,它与结构化临床数据的使用是有限的,特别是在隐私和多站点研究方面.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
- 生物医学数据科学 生物医学数据科学
- 临床研究方法 临床研究方法
背景情况:
- 低资源环境面临数据数量/质量挑战,需要强大的临床和生物医学模型.
- 转移学习 (TL) 通过利用预训练模型来提高新模型性能提供了一个解决方案.
- 尽管具有潜力,但TL在医学研究中的应用,特别是结构化数据的应用,仍然有限.
研究的目的:
- 用结构化临床和生物医学数据分析转移学习在医学研究中的当前应用.
- 识别被忽视的TL技术,并为未来的医疗保健研究提出改进建议.
- 解决TL应用的挑战,包括数据限制,隐私和区域差异.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA-ScR指南进行了系统的文献审查.
- 搜索了主要的数据库 (SCOPUS,MEDLINE,科学网,Embase,CINAHL) 进行相关研究.
- 包括使用具有结构化临床或生物医学数据的TL的文章.
主要成果:
- 选了5080篇论文,其中86篇符合审查的纳入标准.
- 一小部分 (2%) 的研究使用了TL的外部数据集.
- 很少有研究 (5%) 涉及多个网站的合作与隐私方面的考虑.
结论:
- 具有结构化医疗数据的可操作TL需要仔细选择源数据和模型.
- 选择适当的TL框架对于应对医疗保健研究挑战至关重要.
- 与适当的基线对TL模型的验证对于在各种医疗保健环境中可靠应用至关重要.
相关概念视频
Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System
6.2K
The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
6.2K
Improving Translational Accuracy
3.6K
3.6K
Improving Translational Accuracy
14.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.1K
Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting
1.4K
Documentation in long-term care facilities and home healthcare settings is crucial for ensuring continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for patients. Each setting has its specific documentation processes and tools:
Long-Term Care Facilities
Long-Term Care Facilities
1.4K

