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注意偏差修改对运动员竞赛前焦虑的影响
Jing Zhao1, Yuhan Yang2, Heng Zhang2
1Harbin Institute of Technology, Haerbin, China.
Frontiers in psychology
|September 8, 2025
概括
注意偏差校正训练显著减少了高水平运动员的竞赛前焦虑和负注意偏差. 这种训练有望提高运动员在压力下的表现.
科学领域:
- 运动心理学 体育心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 绩效提升 提高绩效的方法
背景情况:
- 高压情况会导致运动员表现不佳,原因是表现焦虑和注意力错误.
- 注意偏差,即情绪刺激对决策的影响,会导致运动员专注于负面信息,进一步损害表现.
- 注意偏差校正训练 (ABMT) 旨在修改运动员的注意力模式并缓解运动员的焦虑症状.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究高水平运动员在比赛前的注意力模式.
- 评估注意力偏差校正培训在减少焦虑和改善焦点方面的有效性.
- 通过解决注意偏差和焦虑来提高运动表现.
主要方法:
- 32名运动员在4周内接受了注意偏差校正训练 (ABMT).
- 实验组接受了情感图片的训练,而对照组使用了中性恒星图片.
- 一个点检测范式评估了在训练前和训练后的竞争前焦虑情形中的注意偏差.
主要成果:
- 实验组的训练后焦虑评分与训练前评分相比显著较低 (p < 0.001).
- 训练后,实验组的注意偏差得分显著下降 (p < 0.05),表明他们已经远离了负面信息.
- 对照组在焦虑或注意偏差水平上没有显著变化.
结论:
- 注意偏差校正训练有效地减少高水平运动员的比赛前焦虑和对负面信息的偏差.
- 这些发现支持使用ABMT作为一种用于运动员情绪调节和注意力增强的战略.
- 建议进行进一步的研究,以探索ABMT改善运动表现的机制和实际应用.
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