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相关概念视频

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

813
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
813

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

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实验者的存在是否会影响口头工作记忆?

Valérie Camos1, Jonathan Jubin1,2, Clément Belletier3

  • 1Université de Fribourg, Département de Psychologie, Fribourg, Switzerland.

Journal of cognition
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

实验者的存在会损害工作记忆,特别是在并发的发音任务中. 然而,当参与者保持沉默或不执行任何次要任务时,记忆性能不受影响.

关键词:
注意力维护的注意力维护同时发音 协同发音实验者的存在 实验者的存在工作记忆 工作记忆

更多相关视频

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 社会心理学 社会心理学

背景情况:

  • 实验者的存在可能会阻碍认知表现,特别是执行功能.
  • 之前的研究表明,对工作记忆的有害影响仅在大声同步表达时.
  • 矛盾的发现表明,在实验人员的存在下,执行功能可能会得到改善.

研究的目的:

  • 重新评估实验者存在对工作记忆的影响.
  • 调查并发发音和次要任务的作用.
  • 在更大的样本上复制和扩展Belletier和Camos (2018) 的发现.

主要方法:

  • 采用了主体内设计,比较单独的参与者与在实验者面前的参与者.
  • 参与者执行了一个布朗-彼得森任务,在12秒内进行信件维护.
  • 同时发音 (沉默,大声,低声) 和次要任务 (没有,平价,位置判断) 被操纵.

主要成果:

  • 当参与者同时表达和执行次要任务时,实验者的存在显著阻碍了记忆表现.
  • 在所有类型的同时发音 (沉默,大声,低声) 中都观察到有害影响.
  • 在无声条件下或没有执行次要任务时,从实验者的效果中保存了记忆回忆.

结论:

  • 这些发现支持在特定条件下实验者存在对工作记忆的有害影响.
  • 同时表达和次要任务调解了社交存在对认知表现的影响.
  • 尽量减少社交线索 (沉默,没有次要任务) 可以减轻实验者存在的负面影响.