当自动化打击工作时:创业作为一个替代的职业道路
Daehyun Kim1, Taekyun Kim2, Wonjoon Kim3
1Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, München, Germany.
PloS one
|September 8, 2025
概括
由自动化取代的工人越来越多地追求创业,特别是工业机器人. 然而,人工智能显示出负面联系,女性过渡的频率较低. 随着COVID-19的流行,这种趋势加快了.
科学领域:
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 劳动社会学工作的社会学.
- 技术与创新 技术与创新
背景情况:
- 自动化对传统就业构成风险,促使人们研究替代职业道路.
- 了解工人过渡对于在劳动力市场中导航技术颠覆至关重要.
- 企业家精神越来越被认为是对失业的反应.
研究的目的:
- 研究职业自动化风险与向创业过渡之间的关系.
- 分析不同自动化技术 (工业机器人,人工智能) 如何影响企业家转变.
- 检查性别差异和COVID-19大流行对这些过渡的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了当前人口调查 (CPS) 的数据.
- 采用统计分析来确定自动化暴露与创业之间的相关性.
- 按自动化技术类型,性别和时间段 (包括COVID-19早期) 分段分析.
主要成果:
- 面临自动化风险的员工更有可能成为非法人企业家.
- 工业机器人与创业转型有积极的相关性,而人工智能显示出负面的关联.
- 与男性相比,女性工人过渡到创业的倾向较低;在COVID-19大流行早期,过渡增加了.
结论:
- 企业家精神是被自动化所取代的工人重要的替代职业发展途径.
- 政策干预应考虑自动化技术和性别对劳动力市场动态的影响.
- 这些发现为劳动力市场政策提供了洞察力,解决了日益增长的自动化和经济冲击的影响.
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