以掌握为导向还是以结果为导向的帮助? 接受者的种族和任务难度如何塑造儿童的帮助行为
Jellie Sierksma1, Astrid M G Poorthuis1
1Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Developmental science
|September 9, 2025
概括
对于困难的任务,儿童提供不太有用的提示 (以掌握为导向的帮助),特别是他们喜欢的黑人同龄人. 这表明,当挑战出现时,儿童可能并不总是为各种同龄人提供有益的学习支持.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 孩子们通常会得到脚手架来帮助别人,但提供的帮助类型的有效性可能会有所不同.
- 对于儿童如何分发不同形式的帮助,人们的理解有限,特别是区分以结果为导向和以掌握为导向的援助.
研究的目的:
- 调查儿童何时提供阻碍学习的帮助 (以结果为导向) 和促进学习的帮助 (以掌握为导向).
- 检查任务难度和同龄人的种族如何影响孩子提供的帮助类型.
主要方法:
- 三项预先注册的研究涉及532名7至12岁的荷兰儿童.
- 孩子们为来自不同种族背景的同龄人提供了帮助,无论是轻松的还是困难的任务.
- 收集关于提供帮助类型的数据 (以结果为导向或以掌握为导向).
主要成果:
- 与轻松任务相比,儿童在困难任务上总是提供了更少的以掌握为导向的帮助.
- 对于困难的任务,孩子们向黑人同龄人提供了不太精通的帮助,特别是当他们表达喜欢这个族群时.
- 对白人和中东同龄人提供的帮助并没有显示出相同的模式,即减少了对困难任务的以掌握为导向的支持.
结论:
- 孩子们的帮助受任务难度和同龄人群特征的影响.
- 在具有挑战性的条件下,可能会不成比例地向某些少数民族同龄人提供不太有益的,以掌握为导向的帮助.
- 研究结果强调了儿童亲社会行为的复杂性及其对公平学习机会的潜在影响.
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